Today's post is about Arrays and Indexers in Cobra. Here below you will find a very easy to follow program, that demonstrate arrays and indexer, by implementing some simple tasks that will make you grasp the idea of those 2 features real quick. The main goal of this post, is not really teaching arrays because, come on, you probably already know "all" about them, in fact, it is more to show you how you do that in Cobra, in this case, compared to all other 22 languages on future posts, which essentially, is the real aim behind this blog.
By the way, if you missed my most recent post, "New Series - Arrays and Indexers", check it out. It has more details about the following program, and a bunch of definitions for the concepts used on this, and the following, posts. Or you can check my previous posts about arrays in C# and C++ just to compare.
I encourage you to copy the code below and try it yourself, normally, all programs you find in this blog are source code complete, just paste it on your IDE and run it.
There is room for improvement of the code, using generics is one example, but Generics, Collections, lambdas, etc. will have their own "series" of posts.
use System.Text
namespace CobraArrays
class Program is public
shared
def main
# Single-dimensional Array(s)
.printTitle("Reverse Array Elements")
# Declare and initialize Array of Chars
letters as char[] = char[](5)
letters[0] = c'A'
letters[1] = c'E'
letters[2] = c'I'
letters[3] = c'O'
letters[4] = c'U'
.printArrayChar(letters)
inverse_letters as char[] = .reverseChar(letters)
.printArrayChar(inverse_letters)
.printTitle("Sort Integer Array Elements")
# Declare and Initialize Array of Integers
numbers as int[] = @[10, 8, 3, 1, 5]
.printArrayInt(numbers)
ordered_numbers as int[] = .bubblesortInt(numbers)
.printArrayInt(ordered_numbers)
.printTitle("Sort String Array Elements")
# Declare and Initialize and Array of Strings
names as String[] = @[
'Damian',
'Rogelio',
'Carlos',
'Luis',
'Daniel'
]
.printArrayString(names)
ordered_names as String[] = .bubblesortString(names)
.printArrayString(ordered_names)
# Multi-dimensional Array (Matrix row,column)
# Cobra does not support multi-dimensional arrays syntax
# using List<of List<of Type>> instead
.printTitle("Transpose Matrix")
/# Matrix row=2,col=3
# A = [6 4 24]
# [1 -9 8]
#/
matrix as List<of List<of int>> = [[6, 4, 24],
[1, -9, 8]]
.printMatrix(matrix)
transposed_matrix as List<of List<of int>> = .transposeMatrix(matrix)
.printMatrix(transposed_matrix)
# Jagged Array (Array-of-Arrays)
.printTitle("Upper Case Random Array & Graph Number of Elements")
/#
# Creating an array of string arrays using the String.Split method
# instead of initializing it manually as follows:
#
# text as String[] = @[
# @[ 'word1', 'word2', 'wordN' ],
# @[ 'word1', 'word2', 'wordM' ],
# ...
# ]
#
# Text extract from: "El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha"
#
#/
text = [ _
"Hoy es el dÃa más hermoso de nuestra vida, querido Sancho;".split(c' '),
"los obstáculos más grandes, nuestras propias indecisiones;".split(c' '),
"nuestro enemigo más fuerte, miedo al poderoso y nosotros mismos;".split(c' '),
"la cosa más fácil, equivocarnos;".split(c' '),
"la más destructiva, la mentira y el egoÃsmo;".split(c' '),
"la peor derrota, el desaliento;".split(c' '),
"los defectos más peligrosos, la soberbia y el rencor;".split(c' '),
"las sensaciones más gratas, la buena conciencia...".split(c' ')
]
.printJaggedArray(text)
/#
.uppercaserandomArray(text)
#/
.printJaggedArray(text)
.graphJaggedArray(text)
# Array Exceptions
.printTitle("Common Array Exceptions")
.printCommonArrayExceptions(nil)
.printCommonArrayExceptions(text)
# Accessing Class Array Elements through Indexer
.printTitle("Alphabets")
vowels as Alphabet = Alphabet(5)
vowels[0] = c'a'
vowels[1] = c'e'
vowels[2] = c'i'
vowels[3] = c'o'
vowels[4] = c'u'
print "\nVowels = {" + [vowels[0], vowels[1], vowels[2],
vowels[3], vowels[4]].join(",") + "}"
en as Alphabet = Alphabet("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")
print "English Alphabet = {[en.toString]}"
print "Alphabet Extract en\[9..19\] = {[Alphabet(en.slice(9, 10))]}"
word1 as String = [en[6], en[14], en[14], en[3]].join('')
word2 as String = [en[1], en[24], en[4]].join('')
word3 as String = [en[4], en[21], en[4], en[17], en[24],
en[14], en[13], en[4]].join('')
print "\n[word1] [word2], [word3]!"
Console.read
def reverseChar(arr as char[]) as char[]
reversed as char[] = char[](arr.length)
i as int = 0
for j in arr.length-1:-1:-1
reversed[i] = arr[j]
i += 1
return reversed
def bubblesortInt(arr as int[]) as int[]
swap as int = 0
for i in arr.length-1:-1:-1
for j in arr.length-1
if arr[j] > arr[j + 1]
swap = arr[j]
arr[j] = arr[j + 1]
arr[j + 1] = swap
return arr
def bubblesortString(arr as String[]) as String[]
swap as String = ""
for i in arr.length-1:-1:-1
for j in arr.length-1
if arr[j][0] > arr[j + 1][0]
swap = arr[j]
arr[j] = arr[j + 1]
arr[j + 1] = swap
return arr
def transposeMatrix(m as List<of List<of int>>) as List<of List<of int>>
/# Transposing a Matrix 2,3
#
# A = [6 4 24]T [ 6 1]
# [1 -9 8] [ 4 -9]
# [24 8]
#/
transposed = [[0]] # to get [int] instead of [object]
transposed.clear
for i in 0:m[0].count
transposed.add([0]) # same here
transposed[i].clear
for j in 0:m.count
transposed[i].add(m[j][i])
return transposed
def printArrayChar(arr as char[])
print "\nPrint Array Content " + arr.getType.name.replace(']', _
arr.length.toString + ']')
for i in arr.length
print " array " + String.format("[[{0,2}]] = {1,2}", i, arr[i])
def printArrayInt(arr as int[])
print "\nPrint Array Content " + arr.getType.name.replace(']', _
arr.length.toString + ']')
for i in arr.length
print " array " + String.format("[[{0,2}]] = {1,2}", i, arr[i])
def printArrayString(arr as String[])
print "\nPrint Array Content " + arr.getType.name.replace(']', _
arr.length.toString + ']')
for i in arr.length
print " array " + String.format("[[{0,2}]] = {1,2}", i, arr[i])
def printMatrix(m as List<of List<of int>>)
print "\nPrint Matrix Content " + m.getType.name
for i in 0:m.count
for j in 0:m[0].count
print " array " + String.format("[[{0,2},{1,2}]] = {2,2} " _
, i, j, m[i][j])
def graphJaggedArray(arr as List<of String[]?>)
/# When using Arrays, we can use for(each) instead of for by index:
#
# for s in arr:
# for w as String in s
#
#/
print "\nPrint Text Content [arr.getType.name]"
for i in arr.count
Console.write("Line{0,2}|", i+1)
for j in arr[i].length
Console.write("{0,3}", "*")
print " ([arr[i].length.toString])"
def printJaggedArray(arr as List<of String[]?>)
line as StringBuilder?
print "\nPrint Jagged Array Content [arr.getType.name]"
for i in arr.count
line = StringBuilder()
for j in arr[i].length
line.append(" " + arr[i][j])
if line.toString == line.toString.toUpper
line.append(r" <-- [UPPERCASED]")
print line.toString
def printCommonArrayExceptions(arr as List<of String[]?>?)
try
arr[100][100] = "hola"
catch ex as Exception
print "\nException: \n[ex.getType.name]\n[ex.message]"
def printTitle(message as String)
print ""
print "======================================================"
print message
print "======================================================"
class Alphabet is public
# Array Field
var _letters as char[]? is private
# Indexer Get/Set Property
pro [index as int] as char is public
get
return _letters[index]
set
_letters[index] = value.toUpper
# Read-Only Property
get length as int is public
return _letters.length
# Constructors
cue init(size as int) is public
base.init
_letters = char[](size)
cue init(list as String) is public
base.init
_letters = list.toUpper.toCharArray
cue init(list as char[]) is public
base.init
_letters = list
# Overridden Method
def toString as String is override
return "" + _letters.join(',')
# Method
def slice(start as int, length as int) as char[]?
return _letters[start:start+length]
The output:
Voilà, that's it. Next post in the following days.
